{"id":6182,"date":"2026-08-12T21:08:09","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T21:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/?page_id=6182"},"modified":"2026-08-12T21:18:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T21:18:30","slug":"peptit-tedavileri","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/en\/peptit-tedavileri\/","title":{"rendered":"Peptit Tedavileri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\n Peptitler son y\u0131llarda metabolik sa\u011fl\u0131k, v\u00fccut kompozisyonu, kas fonksiyonu, doku onar\u0131m\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015flanma alan\u0131nda giderek daha fazla konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Asl\u0131nda peptitler v\u00fccudumuz i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 molek\u00fcller de\u011fildir. Aminoasitlerin belirli s\u0131ralarla birbirine ba\u011flanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan k\u0131sa protein zincirleridir ve v\u00fccudumuzda hormon, n\u00f6rotransmitter veya h\u00fccreler aras\u0131 sinyal molek\u00fcl\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yapan \u00e7ok say\u0131da do\u011fal peptit bulunmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n GLP-1, GIP, b\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonu salg\u0131lat\u0131c\u0131 hormon (GHRH), VIP ve bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka sinyal molek\u00fcl\u00fc bu b\u00fcy\u00fck biyolojik sistemin par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Peptit tedavilerindeki temel fikir, v\u00fccutta zaten mevcut olan belirli bir sinyal yolunu taklit etmek, g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek veya gerekti\u011finde yeniden d\u00fczenlemektir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Ancak burada \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131m yapmak gerekir. \u201cPeptit\u201d tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir kalite veya etkinlik g\u00f6stergesi de\u011fildir. Semaglutide veya Tirzepatide (Ozempic ve Mounjaro) gibi on binlerce hastada \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve FDA onay\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f bir peptit bazl\u0131 ila\u00e7 ile hen\u00fcz yaln\u0131zca hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan deneysel bir peptidi ayn\u0131 bilimsel seviyede de\u011ferlendirmek do\u011fru de\u011fildir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compounded Peptitler ve \u0130nternette Sat\u0131lan \u201cGrey Market\u201d \u00dcr\u00fcnler<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Baz\u0131 peptitler standart ticari ila\u00e7 olarak \u00fcretilirken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 doktor re\u00e7etesine g\u00f6re compounding eczaneleri taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanabilir. Compounding, belirli bir hastan\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zel form\u00fclasyon veya doz haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde bu alan \u00f6zellikle 503A compounding pharmacies ve 503B outsourcing facilities \u00fczerinden d\u00fczenlenmektedir. FDA, kullan\u0131labilecek bulk drug maddelerini de madde baz\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmektedir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Burada benim i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli konu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nternette \u201cresearch use only\u201d, \u201claboratory peptide\u201d veya benzeri ifadelerle sat\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131da grey-market \u00fcr\u00fcn bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fczerinde yazan peptidi ger\u00e7ekten i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini, do\u011fru konsantrasyonda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sentez s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fabilecek peptit safs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bakteriyel endotoksin miktar\u0131n\u0131 veya enjeksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn sterilitesini hastan\u0131n bilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n \u00d6zellikle enjeksiyon yoluyla kullan\u0131lan bir \u00fcr\u00fcnde bu konu \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemlidir. Peptit sentezinde molek\u00fcl\u00fcn do\u011fru aminoasit dizilimine sahip olmas\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildir; safl\u0131k, stabilite, agregasyon, sterilite ve endotoksin kontrol\u00fc de \u00f6nemlidir. FDA da compounded peptitlerle ilgili de\u011ferlendirmelerinde \u00f6zellikle peptit safs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131, agregasyon ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 imm\u00fcnojenisite konular\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Bu nedenle peptit tedavisi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclecekse, benim yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131m internetten veya kayna\u011f\u0131 belli olmayan sat\u0131\u015f kanallar\u0131ndan \u00fcr\u00fcn temin etmek yerine doktor g\u00f6zetiminde, g\u00fcvenilir ve d\u00fczenlemelere uygun compounding eczanelerinden temin etmek ve kullan\u0131lacak olan peptitlerin COA analizlerinin olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kilo Vermede, Ya\u011f Yak\u0131m\u0131nda ve Kas K\u00fctlesini Art\u0131rmada Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Olabilecek Peptitler<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Bu gruptaki peptitlerin hepsi ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u015ftah\u0131 etkiler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonu ve IGF-1 eksenini uyar\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise do\u011frudan mitokondri ve h\u00fccresel enerji metabolizmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MOTS-c<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n MOTS-c, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok peptitten olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kodland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gen h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011finde de\u011fil, mitokondriyal DNA i\u00e7erisinde bulunur. Bu nedenle mitochondrial-derived peptide, yani mitokondri kaynakl\u0131 peptit olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n MOTS-c ile ilgili ilk \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cell Metabolism<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131mland\u0131. Hayvan modellerinde MOTS-c uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek ya\u011fl\u0131 diyetle geli\u015fen kilo art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131, glukoz kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ins\u00fclin duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6sterildi [1]. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n MOTS-c’nin h\u00fccresel enerji sens\u00f6rlerinden biri olan AMPK ile ili\u015fkili metabolik yollar\u0131 aktive edebilmesi \u00f6zellikle ilgin\u00e7tir. Bunun sonucunda glukoz kullan\u0131m\u0131nda, ya\u011f asidi metabolizmas\u0131nda ve h\u00fccrenin metabolik strese uyumunda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler meydana gelebilir. Hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda egzersiz kapasitesini ve iskelet kas\u0131 metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebildi\u011fi de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir [2].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Bu nedenle MOTS-c benim i\u00e7in klasik anlamda bir \u201ci\u015ftah kesici\u201d de\u011fildir. Daha \u00e7ok metabolik esneklik, ins\u00fclin duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, mitokondri fonksiyonu ve egzersiz kapasitesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir peptittir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0130nsanlardaki tedavi verileri halen hayvan verilerinden \u00e7ok daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak konu art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca laboratuvar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan ibaret de\u011fildir; MOTS-c \u00f6zellikle obezite ve metabolik sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7in FDA’n\u0131n 503A compounding de\u011ferlendirmesine kadar gelmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Temmuz 2026’da FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee taraf\u0131ndan obezite ve osteoporoz kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan resmi olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve bu kapsamda kabul edilmesi tavsiye edilmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SS-31 \/ Elamipretide<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n SS-31 mitokondrinin i\u00e7 zar\u0131nda bulunan ve enerji \u00fcretimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan cardiolipin ile etkile\u015fir. Bu etkile\u015fim mitokondriyal membran\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na, elektron transport zincirinin daha verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek bir mekanizma olarak ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0130nsanlarda yap\u0131lan randomize bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ya\u015fl\u0131 yeti\u015fkinlere tek doz elamipretide verilmesi sonras\u0131nda iskelet kas\u0131ndaki mitokondriyal ATP \u00fcretim kapasitesinde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir [3].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla SS-31’i do\u011frudan bir ya\u011f yak\u0131c\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, enerji \u00fcretimi, kas fonksiyonu ve mitokondri sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden v\u00fccut kompozisyonu programlar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyebilecek deneysel bir mitokondriyal peptit olarak de\u011ferlendirmek daha do\u011frudur.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fcme Hormonu Ekseni: <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n V\u00fccut kompozisyonu s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ba\u015fka bir \u00f6nemli sistem b\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonu ve IGF-1 eksenidir. Ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonu pulsatilitesi ve IGF-1 d\u00fczeyleri genel olarak azal\u0131r. Bu sistem kas protein sentezi, ya\u011f dokusu metabolizmas\u0131, kemik ve ba\u011f dokusu gibi bir\u00e7ok alan\u0131 etkiler.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sermorelin<\/strong>, do\u011fal GHRH’nin aktif b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc taklit eden bir GHRH analo\u011fudur. Hipofizi do\u011frudan d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonu vermek yerine ki\u015finin kendi GH salg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uyar\u0131r. GHRH analoglar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan insan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda GH\/IGF-1 ekseninin aktive edilebildi\u011fi ve baz\u0131 gruplarda ya\u011fs\u0131z v\u00fccut k\u00fctlesinde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir [4]. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tesamorelin<\/strong> visseral ya\u011f konusunda insan verisi en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc peptitlerden biridir. B\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonu ekseni \u00fczerinden v\u00fccut kompozisyonunu de\u011fi\u015ftirme konusunda en kuvvetli insan verilerinden biri tesamorelin i\u00e7in bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tesamorelin bir GHRH analo\u011fudur ve \u00f6zellikle HIV ile ili\u015fkili abdominal lipodistrofide visseral ya\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Randomize \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda tesamorelin ile abdominal visseral ya\u011fda yakla\u015f\u0131k %15-20 oran\u0131nda azalma g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ve bu azalman\u0131n 12 aya kadar korunabildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr [7].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Ba\u015fka bir randomize \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada tesamorelin yaln\u0131zca visseral ya\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, karaci\u011fer ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [8].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n *** Sermorelin ve Tesamorelin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00fcy\u00fcme hormone sekretagoglar\u0131 FDA\u2019in compounding iznine tabi de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fczden sermorelin ve tesamorelin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan peptitler bu sayfada sadece bilgilendirme ama\u00e7l\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CJC-1295<\/strong> ise \u00e7ok daha uzun etkili bir GHRH analo\u011fu olarak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yeti\u015fkinlerde yap\u0131lan kontroll\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda tek enjeksiyon sonras\u0131nda GH d\u00fczeylerinin g\u00fcnlerce, IGF-1 d\u00fczeylerinin ise daha da uzun s\u00fcre y\u00fcksek kalabildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir [5]. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ipamorelin<\/strong> farkl\u0131 bir mekanizma kullan\u0131r. GHRH resept\u00f6r\u00fcnden ziyade ghrelin\/GH secretagogue resept\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fczerinden hipofizden b\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonu salg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 uyar\u0131r. \u0130nsan farmakokinetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ipamorelinin dozla ili\u015fkili GH yan\u0131t\u0131 olu\u015fturabildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir [6].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n CJC-1295 ile ipamorelinin birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 da buradan gelir: biri GHRH resept\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc, di\u011feri ghrelin resept\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc hedefleyerek ayn\u0131 GH pulsunun iki farkl\u0131 sinyal yolundan desteklenmesini ama\u00e7lar. Egzersiz ile desteklendi\u011fi zaman, kas k\u00fctlesinde anlaml\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemlenir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Ancak bu molek\u00fcllerin compounding stat\u00fcleri zaman i\u00e7erisinde FDA taraf\u0131ndan yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle ipamorelin ve CJC-1295 i\u00e7in FDA’n\u0131n g\u00fcncel safety\/compounding de\u011ferlendirmeleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kilo veya Ya\u011f Kontrol\u00fc D\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Genel Olarak Kullan\u0131lan Peptitler<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Peptit tedavilerinin kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 metabolizma ve v\u00fccut kompozisyonuyla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Doku onar\u0131m\u0131, inflamasyon, gastrointestinal sistem, damar fonksiyonu ve n\u00f6rolojik hastal\u0131klar gibi \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 alanlarda ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan peptitler bulunmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BPC-157<\/strong>, peptit d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda muhtemelen en fazla konu\u015fulan rejeneratif molek\u00fcllerden biridir. \u00d6zellikle tendon, ba\u011f, kas ve gastrointestinal dokular\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi \u00fczerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Rat Achilles tendon transeksiyon modelinde BPC-157 uygulamas\u0131 tendon iyile\u015fmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve tendosit b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [9]. Ba\u015fka deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda tendon-kemik ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi, ligament iyile\u015fmesi ve kas hasar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda daha iyi rejenerasyon bildirilmi\u015ftir [10,11]. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Kas dokusu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ilgin\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lar vard\u0131r. Ratlarda olu\u015fturulan crush injury ve tam kas transeksiyonu modellerinde BPC-157 ile fonksiyonel ve histolojik iyile\u015fmede h\u0131zlanma bildirilmi\u015ftir [11,12]. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n BPC-157’nin etkilerinin yaln\u0131zca tek bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme fakt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fczerinden olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Nitric oxide sistemi, VEGF sinyali, h\u00fccre migrasyonu ve GH resept\u00f6r\u00fc ekspresyonu gibi farkl\u0131 rejeneratif mekanizmalar \u00fczerinde etkileri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r [13]. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0130nsan verileri ise halen hayvan verilerinin olduk\u00e7a gerisindedir. Bununla birlikte BPC-157 konusu 2026 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden FDA’n\u0131n resmi 503A de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015f ve BPC-157 free base ile BPC-157 acetate Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve onay\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f verilmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)<\/strong> v\u00fccudumuzda do\u011fal olarak bulunan ve sinir sistemi, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar, akci\u011ferler, damarlar ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi \u00fczerinde etkileri olan 28 aminoasitlik bir n\u00f6ropeptittir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n \u0130smindeki \u201cintestinal\u201d ifadesi kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131 biraz oldu\u011fundan dar g\u00f6sterir. VIP g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc vazodilat\u00f6r \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fcz kas, inflamatuvar sinyalle\u015fme ve baz\u0131 imm\u00fcn h\u00fccreler \u00fczerinde etkili olabilir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Sentetik VIP formu olan aviptadil insanlarda \u00f6zellikle pulmoner hipertansiyon ve akci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pulmoner hipertansiyonu bulunan hastalarda yap\u0131lan insan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda inhalasyon yoluyla VIP uygulanmas\u0131 pulmoner damar direncinde ge\u00e7ici azalma ve sa\u011f ventrik\u00fcl i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcnde iyile\u015fme sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [14]. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Compounding a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan VIP’nin konumu di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok pop\u00fcler peptitten farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, FDA’n\u0131n May\u0131s 2026 tarihli 503A Category 1 listesindeki maddeler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu, FDA de\u011ferlendirmesi devam ederken belirli 503A ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda enforcement discretion kapsam\u0131na girebilen maddelerden biri oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thymosin alpha-1 (T\u03b11)<\/strong> ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00fczerinde etkileri bulunan 28 aminoasitlik bir peptittir. Timusta do\u011fal olarak bulunan thymosin fraksiyonlar\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve \u00f6zellikle T h\u00fccrelerinin fonksiyonu, dendritik h\u00fccre aktivitesi ve do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00fczerindeki etkileri nedeniyle uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r [15,16].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Thymosin alpha-1’i basit\u00e7e \u201cba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren\u201d bir peptit olarak tan\u0131mlamak \u00e7ok do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Daha uygun ifade imm\u00fcnomod\u00fclat\u00f6r olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Toll-like receptor sinyali, dendritik h\u00fccreler, natural killer h\u00fccreleri ve T h\u00fccreleri gibi ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini etkileyebildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir [15]. Bu nedenle kronik enfeksiyonlardan imm\u00fcn yetmezlik durumlar\u0131na ve kanser tedavisine destek ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131ma kadar olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir alanda ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Thymosin alpha-1’in \u00f6nemli bir fark\u0131, bir\u00e7ok deneysel peptidin aksine yaln\u0131zca hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dayanmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsanlarda hepatit, ciddi enfeksiyonlar, sepsis ve baz\u0131 kanser t\u00fcrleri dahil farkl\u0131 hastal\u0131klarda klinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [16,17]. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thymosin beta-4 (T\u03b24)<\/strong> v\u00fccutta do\u011fal olarak bulunan ve \u00f6zellikle h\u00fccre hareketi, yeni damar olu\u015fumu, inflamasyonun d\u00fczenlenmesi ve doku iyile\u015fmesi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde rol oynayan bir peptittir. TB-500 ise thymosin beta-4 ile ili\u015fkili sentetik peptit \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan isimdir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Thymosin beta-4’\u00fcn en ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zelliklerinden biri aktin ad\u0131 verilen h\u00fccresel yap\u0131sal proteinle etkile\u015fimidir. Bu mekanizma h\u00fccrelerin hasarl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye hareket etmesi, yeni damarlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve dokunun yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 gibi iyile\u015fmenin farkl\u0131 a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir [18].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Hayvan ve h\u00fccre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda thymosin beta-4’\u00fcn yara iyile\u015fmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rabildi\u011fi, anjiyogenezi destekleyebildi\u011fi ve inflamatuvar yan\u0131t\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir [18,19]. Kas, tendon ve ba\u011f dokusu yaralanmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki biyolojik mant\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bu rejeneratif \u00f6zelliklere dayanmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Thymosin beta-4 i\u00e7in insan verileri de tamamen yok de\u011fildir. \u00d6zellikle yara iyile\u015fmesi ve g\u00f6z y\u00fczeyi hasarlar\u0131 konusunda klinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-copper)<\/strong> insan v\u00fccudunda do\u011fal olarak bulunan \u00fc\u00e7 aminoasitlik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir peptidin bak\u0131r ile olu\u015fturdu\u011fu komplekstir. \u0130lk olarak insan plazmas\u0131ndan izole edilmi\u015f ve daha sonra yara iyile\u015fmesi, kollajen sentezi, cilt yenilenmesi ve sa\u00e7 folik\u00fcl\u00fc biyolojisi \u00fczerindeki etkileri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [20].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n GHK-Cu \u00f6zellikle kollajen ve elastin sentezinin desteklenmesi, fibroblast aktivitesi, yara iyile\u015fmesi ve dokunun yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri nedeniyle rejeneratif t\u0131p ve dermatoloji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilgi \u00e7ekmektedir [20,21]. Bak\u0131r\u0131n bir\u00e7ok enzimatik reaksiyon i\u00e7in gerekli olmas\u0131 ve GHK’nin bak\u0131r\u0131 dokulara biyolojik olarak kullan\u0131labilir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131yabilmesi de bu etkinin \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biridir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n GHK d\u00fczeylerinin ya\u015fla birlikte azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle GHK-Cu yaln\u0131zca kozmetik bir \u201ccilt peptidi\u201d olarak de\u011fil, ya\u015flanan dokularda h\u00fccresel onar\u0131m ve ekstrasell\u00fcler matriksin korunmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkili bir sinyal molek\u00fcl\u00fcolarak da ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r [21].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Topikal kullan\u0131m konusunda insan verileri bulunmaktad\u0131r ve \u00f6zellikle cilt kalitesi, ince k\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar, elastikiyet ve yara iyile\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a olumlu sonu\u00e7lar bildirilmi\u015ftir. Ancak enjeksiyon yoluyla sistemik GHK-Cu kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin klinik veri, topikal kullan\u0131m verilerinden \u00e7ok daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Epitalon (Epithalon)<\/strong> d\u00f6rt aminoasitten olu\u015fan sentetik bir tetrapeptittir ve \u00f6zellikle ya\u015flanma biyolojisi, pineal fonksiyon, melatonin ritmi ve telomeraz aktivitesi \u00fczerindeki olas\u0131 etkileri nedeniyle uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Epitalon ile ilgili en fazla dikkat \u00e7eken ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan biri telomer biyolojisi \u00fczerinedir. H\u00fccre k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Epitalon’un telomeraz aktivitesini art\u0131rabildi\u011fi ve insan somatik h\u00fccrelerinde telomerlerin uzamas\u0131yla ili\u015fkili olabilece\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir [22]. Bu nedenle Epitalon, longevity alan\u0131nda telomer biyolojisini hedefleyen deneysel peptitlerden biri haline gelmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Epitalon ve ili\u015fkili pineal peptitlerin ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi, oksidatif stres, sirkadiyen ritim ve ya\u015fla ili\u015fkili baz\u0131 fizyolojik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u00fczerinde etkileri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [23]. Baz\u0131 uzun d\u00f6nem Rus \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ya\u015fl\u0131 bireylerde mortalite ve ya\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da dikkat \u00e7ekici sonu\u00e7lar bildirilmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Ancak Epitalon konusunda literat\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n belirli ara\u015ft\u0131rma gruplar\u0131ndan ve eski Rus \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan geldi\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gerekir. Bu nedenle Epitalon’u bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u201canti-aging tedavisi\u201d olarak de\u011fil, telomer biyolojisi, pineal fonksiyon ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015flanma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ilgin\u00e7 bir deneysel peptit olarak de\u011ferlendirmek daha do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cerebrolysin<\/strong> tek bir peptitten de\u011fil, domuz beyin proteinlerinden elde edilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 n\u00f6roaktif peptitler ve aminoasitlerden olu\u015fan bir preparatt\u0131r. N\u00f6roprotektif ve n\u00f6rotrofik etkileri nedeniyle \u00f6zellikle inme, travmatik beyin hasar\u0131, Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve di\u011fer n\u00f6rodejeneratif s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r [24].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Cerebrolysin’i ilgin\u00e7 yapan, yaln\u0131zca sinir h\u00fccrelerini hasardan korumaya y\u00f6nelik olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar n\u00f6roplastisite, sinaptik fonksiyon, n\u00f6rogenez, n\u00f6ronal sa\u011fkal\u0131m ve n\u00f6roinflamasyon gibi beynin iyile\u015fme kapasitesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir\u00e7ok mekanizmay\u0131 etkileyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130nme sonras\u0131 yap\u0131lan randomize kontroll\u00fc CARS \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda standart rehabilitasyona Cerebrolysin eklenmesi, \u00f6zellikle \u00fcst ekstremite motor fonksiyonunun geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda plaseboya g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a daha iyi sonu\u00e7lar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [25].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Cerebrolysin’in Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da birden fazla randomize, \u00e7ift-k\u00f6r, plasebo kontroll\u00fc insan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda baz\u0131 bili\u015fsel ve genel klinik de\u011ferlendirmelerde anlaml\u0131 iyile\u015fmeler bildirilmi\u015ftir [26-28]. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Cerebrolysin, yaln\u0131zca hayvan deneyleriyle desteklenen bir\u00e7ok deneysel peptitten farkl\u0131 olarak, n\u00f6roproteksiyon ve n\u00f6rorejenerasyon konusunda klinik insan verisine de sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle n\u00f6rolojik peptit tedavileri i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zellikle dikkat \u00e7ekici bir yere sahiptir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine)<\/strong> yaln\u0131zca \u00fc\u00e7 aminoasitten olu\u015fan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir peptittir ve v\u00fccudumuzda do\u011fal olarak bulunan \u03b1-MSH (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone) molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn C-terminal b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. KPV’nin en ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fi, \u03b1-MSH’nin baz\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc anti-inflamatuvar \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pigmentasyonla ili\u015fkili etkilerini g\u00f6stermemesidir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n KPV \u00f6zellikle ba\u011f\u0131rsak inflamasyonu, mukozal iyile\u015fme ve inflamatuvar sinyal yollar\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131lanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. H\u00fccre ve hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda KPV’nin NF-\u03baB ve MAPK gibi inflamatuvar sinyal yollar\u0131n\u0131 azaltabildi\u011fi ve IL-8 gibi inflamatuvar mediat\u00f6rlerin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131layabildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir [29]. Deneysel kolit modellerinde oral KPV uygulanmas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131rsak inflamasyonunu ve hastal\u0131k aktivitesini belirgin \u015fekilde azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [29,30].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n KPV’nin ba\u011f\u0131rsak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle ilgin\u00e7 bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de PepT1 ad\u0131 verilen peptit ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden inflamasyon bulunan ba\u011f\u0131rsak h\u00fccrelerine al\u0131nabilmesidir. Bu nedenle KPV yaln\u0131zca sistemik kullan\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, do\u011frudan gastrointestinal sisteme y\u00f6nelik oral veya lokal tedaviler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nanopartik\u00fcl i\u00e7erisinde kolona hedeflenen KPV uygulamalar\u0131nda deneysel \u00fclseratif kolit modellerinde olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc anti-inflamatuvar etkiler g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir [31].\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n KPV’nin bilimsel verileri halen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u00fccre ve hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r ancak FDA’n\u0131n Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee’si Temmuz 2026’da KPV free base ve KPV acetate’\u0131n 503A Bulks List’e eklenmesini tavsiye etmi\u015ftir. De\u011ferlendirilen kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle yara iyile\u015fmesi ve inflamatuvar hastal\u0131klar olmu\u015ftur.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Bu nedenle KPV, \u00f6zellikle kronik inflamasyon, ba\u011f\u0131rsak bariyeri ve inflamatuvar ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda insan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeyi en fazla bekledi\u011fim k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck peptitlerden biridir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n ***\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Burada yer alan t\u00fcm bilgiler yaln\u0131zca genel bilgilendirme ve e\u011fitim amac\u0131yla sunulmaktad\u0131r. Bu i\u00e7erikler herhangi bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 koymak, ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel t\u0131bbi de\u011ferlendirme yapmak veya herhangi bir tedaviyi ba\u015flatmak, de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ya da sonland\u0131rmak amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Sunulan bilgiler, hekim muayenesinin, ki\u015fisel t\u0131bbi de\u011ferlendirmenin veya profesyonel sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinin yerine ge\u00e7mez. Sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131 ve tedavi gereksinimleri ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilece\u011finden, herhangi bir ila\u00e7, takviye, tedavi veya t\u0131bbi uygulamaya ba\u015flamadan ya da mevcut tedavinizde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmadan \u00f6nce kendi hekiminize veya ilgili sa\u011fl\u0131k profesyoneline dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n T\u0131bbi bilgiler ve bilimsel veriler zaman i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011finden, burada sunulan bilgilerin her birey veya her klinik durum i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu kabul edilmemelidir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n I wish you healthy days,\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Ahmet \u00d6zyi\u011fit<\/strong>, MD, MSc, PgDip, FAAMM, ABAARM
Longevity Physician<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n Elite Research and Surgical Hospital\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
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  8. Stanley TL, Feldpausch MN, Oh J, et al.\u00a0Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial.<\/em>\u00a0JAMA. 2014;312:380-389.
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  9. Staresinic M, Sebecic B, Patrlj L, et al.\u00a0Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth.<\/em>\u00a0Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2003;21:976-983.
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  10. Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S, et al.\u00a0Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation.<\/em>\u00a0Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2006;24:982-989. DOI:\u00a010.1002\/jor.20096.
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  11. Novinscak T, Brcic L, Staresinic M, et al.\u00a0Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as an effective therapy for muscle crush injury in the rat.<\/em>\u00a0Surgery Today. 2008;38:716-725. DOI:\u00a010.1007\/s00595-007-3706-2.
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  12. Staresinic M, Petrovic I, Novinscak T, et al.\u00a0Effective therapy of transected quadriceps muscle in rat: gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.<\/em>\u00a0Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2006;24:1109-1117. DOI:\u00a010.1002\/jor.20089.
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  13. Chang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, Hsu YH, Pang JHS.\u00a0The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration.<\/em>\u00a0Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011;110:774-780.
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  14. Leuchte HH, Baezner C, Baumgartner RA, et al.\u00a0Inhalation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in pulmonary hypertension.<\/em>\u00a0European Respiratory Journal. 2008;32:1289-1294. DOI:\u00a010.1183\/09031936.00050008.
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  15. Romani L, Bistoni F, Gaziano R, et al.\u00a0Thymosin alpha 1 activates dendritic cells for antifungal Th1 resistance through Toll-like receptor signaling.<\/em>\u00a0Blood. 2004;103:4232-4239. DOI:\u00a010.1182\/blood-2003-11-4036.
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  16. Matteucci C, Minutolo A, Pollicita M, et al.\u00a0Thymosin alpha 1 potentiates the release by CD8+ cells of soluble factors able to inhibit HIV-1 and human T lymphotropic virus 1 infection in vitro.<\/em>\u00a0Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 2015;15(Suppl 1):S83-S100. DOI:\u00a010.1517\/14712598.2015.1008454.
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  17. Matteucci C, Grelli S, Balestrieri E, et al.\u00a0Thymosin alpha 1 and health.<\/em>\u00a0Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 2017;17:9-17. DOI:\u00a010.1080\/14712598.2017.1296138.
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  18. Malinda KM, Sidhu GS, Mani H, et al.\u00a0Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing.<\/em>\u00a0Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1999;113:364-368. DOI:\u00a010.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00708.x.
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  19. Philp D, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK.\u00a0Thymosin beta4 promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, and hair follicle development.<\/em>\u00a0Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2004;125:113-115. DOI:\u00a010.1016\/j.mad.2003.10.005.
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  20. Pickart L, Margolina A.\u00a0Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in the light of the new gene data.<\/em>International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018;19:1987. DOI:\u00a010.3390\/ijms19071987.
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  21. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A.\u00a0GHK peptide as a natural modulator of multiple cellular pathways in skin regeneration.<\/em>\u00a0BioMed Research International. 2015;2015:648108. DOI:\u00a010.1155\/2015\/648108.
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  22. Khavinson VKh, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA.\u00a0Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells.<\/em>\u00a0Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2003;135:590-592. DOI:\u00a010.1023\/A:1025493705728.
    Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh.\u00a0Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects.<\/em>\u00a0Biogerontology. 2010;11:139-149. DOI:\u00a010.1007\/s10522-009-9249-8.
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  23. For your actual website, I think\u00a0GHK-Cu deserves slightly more space\u00a0than the other three. There is an interesting story to tell around copper signaling, collagen remodeling, gene expression and the age-related decline in circulating GHK, which fits your longevity theme particularly well.
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  24. Ladurner G, Kalvach P, Moessler H.\u00a0Neuroprotective treatment with cerebrolysin in patients with acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial.\u00a0Journal of Neural Transmission. 2005;112:415-428. DOI:\u00a010.1007\/s00702-004-0248-2<\/strong>. Cerebrolysin’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 peptitler ve aminoasitlerden olu\u015fan n\u00f6rotrofik\/n\u00f6roprotektif bir preparat olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 randomize \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.\u00a0
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  25. Muresanu DF, Heiss WD, Hoemberg V, et al.\u00a0Cerebrolysin and Recovery After Stroke (CARS): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial.\u00a0Stroke. 2016;47:151-159. DOI:\u00a010.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009416<\/strong>. \u00dc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k de\u011ferlendirmede \u00fcst ekstremite motor iyile\u015fmesinde Cerebrolysin lehine b\u00fcy\u00fck etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bildirilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0
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  26. Panisset M, Gauthier S, Moessler H, Windisch M.\u00a0Cerebrolysin in Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a neurotrophic agent.\u00a0Journal of Neural Transmission. 2002;109:1089-1104. DOI:\u00a010.1007\/s007020200092<\/strong>.\u00a0
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  27. Alvarez XA, Cacabelos R, Sampedro C, et al.\u00a0A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of three dosages of Cerebrolysin in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.\u00a0European Journal of Neurology. 2006. DOI:\u00a010.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01222.x<\/strong>. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya 279 hasta dahil edilmi\u015f ve bili\u015fsel\/global klinik sonu\u00e7lar 24 haftaya kadar de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0
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  28. Alvarez XA, Cacabelos R, Sampedro C, et al.\u00a0Efficacy and safety of Cerebrolysin in moderate to moderately severe Alzheimer’s disease: results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial investigating three dosages of Cerebrolysin.European Journal of Neurology. 2011;18:59-68. DOI:\u00a010.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03092.x<\/strong>.\u00a0
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  29. Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HTT, et al.\u00a0PepT1-Mediated Tripeptide KPV Uptake Reduces Intestinal Inflammation.<\/em>\u00a0Gastroenterology. 2008;134:166\u2013178. DOI:\u00a010.1053\/j.gastro.2007.10.026.
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  30. Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al.\u00a0Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.<\/em>\u00a0Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2008;14:324\u2013331. DOI:\u00a010.1002\/ibd.20334.
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  31. Xiao B, Xu Z, Viennois E, et al.\u00a0Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis.<\/em>\u00a0Molecular Therapy. 2017;25:1628\u20131640. DOI:\u00a010.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.11.020.
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    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Peptitler son y\u0131llarda metabolik sa\u011fl\u0131k, v\u00fccut kompozisyonu, kas fonksiyonu, doku onar\u0131m\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015flanma alan\u0131nda giderek daha fazla konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Asl\u0131nda peptitler v\u00fccudumuz i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 molek\u00fcller de\u011fildir. Aminoasitlerin belirli s\u0131ralarla birbirine ba\u011flanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan k\u0131sa protein zincirleridir ve v\u00fccudumuzda hormon, n\u00f6rotransmitter veya h\u00fccreler aras\u0131 sinyal molek\u00fcl\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yapan \u00e7ok say\u0131da do\u011fal peptit bulunmaktad\u0131r. GLP-1, GIP, b\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonu […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6182","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6182"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6194,"href":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6182\/revisions\/6194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ahmetozyigit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}